India's small and medium-sized generic drugmakers say the threat of tougher rules and higher barriers for outsiders in the US healthcare market will force many to find a niche or focus their expansion efforts on other countries.
India supplies nearly a third of medicines sold in the United States, the world's largest healthcare market. Cut-price generics sold by India's small- and medium-sized drugmakers have been critical in bringing down prices there. A more protectionist stance by President Donald Trump, with the prospect of import tariffs and the US boosting local drug manufacturing, mean the operating environment for smaller generic players will get worse, executives at Indian companies said. "If the challenges keep increasing, competition will reduce, and this could actually increase prices there," said DG Shah, secretary general of the Indian Pharmaceutical Association, which represents 20 large Indian drugmakers.
J. Jayaseelan, who owns Nuray Chemicals, a maker of drug ingredients, said many Indian firms are reconsidering, or putting on hold, US expansion plans.
Ajanta Pharma is one such firm. The mid-sized generics drug maker said it had no plans to scale up its US business and would invest more in Asia and Africa instead.
"It's not a major market for us right now ... you've got to look at the risk-reward ratio," said Rajeev Agarwal, general manager of finance at Ajanta. The risks comes as US revenue growth for these firms is falling. US revenues for Indian drugmakers rose 15% in 2016, half the average annual growth rate of 33% between 2011 and 2015, ratings agency ICRA said. It expects the growth rate to fall further this year.
Consolidation among US drugs distributors and a federal investigation into drug pricing have also reduced the pricing power of drugsmakers.
The US drugs regulator, the Food and Drug Administration, has also banned dozens of Indian drug factories from supplying the US market following inspections that found inadequate quality-control practices. Companies have invested significant sums to raise their quality standards.
Firms that want to focus on the US will have to increase investment in higher-margin niche therapies, or products requiring specialized manufacturing, said Mitanshu Shah, senior vice president of finance at Alembic Pharmaceuticals.